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PHP application development is quite in demand these days by virtue of its proven success record of generating dynamic web pages for infusing the required dose of interactivity. PHP also enables applications to run smoothly thereby giving the end users a delightful web experience.

A PHP developer has a crucial role in custom PHP programming. Hence, a lot of focus must be placed on writing code. A good PHP code is one that is well structured, robust, safe and consistent. A voluminous code can be conveniently broken into a number of functions, and a simple code thus generated can accomplish different sub-tasks. Also, a clear-cut distinction must be made between the front-end JavaScript/HTML code and the server side logic.

A good PHP code must be safe, which is absolutely in the control of a developer. A developer must have a thorough knowledge of XSS, CSRF and other potential security holes. Also, consistency matters a lot. A good PHP code ought to be consistent i.e., the names of variables and functions must be decided according to a specific set of rules, resorting to typical approach for solving complexities and error handling. You must also ensure that your code must be framed consistently so that it becomes easy to read.

In PHP programming, the code must be portable. A weak code can be easily fragmented when certain features of PHP are switched on/off. A good PHP code adepts to the environment accordingly. It’s also important that you comment your PHP code with a standard approach as it makes the code more readable, which motivates PHP developers to consider the aspects, which might otherwise get ignored. Also, this permits document generators to generate easily comprehensible documentation. In addition, it facilitates interpretation of variables and offers enhanced debugging and code finishing.

While making use of control structures in code writing, you must think about alternative syntax since characters like closing brackets make the code confusing to read. PHP short tags must be avoided since these tags are sometimes switched off on some host servers. In case, you decide to switch your website, there exists possibility of your PHP opening tags getting replaced. Also avoiding PHP short tags gets you away from the confusion that you may have with the XML declaration. Further, the forthcoming PHP versions are not likely to support these PHP short tags.

Get started with writing a good PHP code today!

Adam George is a well known writer. He has written many articles on various topics including outsourcing, Presently writing on Software services, Offshore Software Development, PHP Development, PHP Application Development and other Software testing services.

When preparing food for the grill, the greatest challenge for home cooks is that grilling is an intense form of direct heat cooking, and controlling the heat can be tricky. Although most people see it as easy, grilling is actually one of the most challenging of the basic cooking methods. If cooking is like driving a car, grilling is like being strapped to a rocket ship! Now more than ever, creative home cooks are looking for the best cooking tips for gas grills. As the weather starts to get nicer and the great outdoors beckons, attention starts to turn to outdoor cooking – and gas barbeque grills can’t be beat for simplicity and convenience. But grilling only becomes EASY when you know these important cooking tips for gas grills that are guaranteed to improve your results. Grilling, like any basic cooking method, can be mastered. These cooking tips for gas grills will get you started on the road to expert grilling any time of year.

Preparing Recipes for the Grill

Cooking all recipes for the grill starts with understanding how the grilling method acts differently on different types of foods. Because grilling is an intense heat form of cooking, careful product selection is extremely important. The grill will not tenderize meats so you must start with a tender product if you want to end with a tender product. Marinating meats when making recipes for the grill is the best way to apply some tenderizing properties before cooking. The product itself is also an important consideration because you want to make sure it will be able to withstand this form of direct high-heat cooking. Different products will handle this differently and some are just not the best choice for standard grilling. A very delicate fish, such as tilapia, will not perform very well on the grill because the high heat may burn the outside of the fish before the inside cooks at all. Another consideration is when grilling combinations of different foods, as in skewering vegetables. A mushroom will cook faster than a carrot or potato, for example. You will achieve far better results by par-cooking the “harder” items prior to skewering so that all vegetables are the correct done-ness at the same time. Once you have considered the differences in the types of foods you will be grilling and preparing them accordingly, the basic procedure for creating recipes for the grill is:

1. Heat the grill on HIGH with the lid closed to heat up the coals and grates to as hot a temperature as possible.
2. Brush the food item with the oil of your choice and place it on the hot grates – presentation side (“pretty side”) down.
3. For GRILLING, leave the grill cover OPEN.
4. After a few minutes inspect the item. You are looking for the item to start to brown around the edges and to see pink (almost clear) moisture bubbling up to the top. This will be your signal that the item is 75% cooked on one side and that is the time to flip it.
5. Do not use a fork to flip the item and do not puncture it in any way – because that will allow precious juices to escape.
6. Using an instant-read thermometer – because this is the only real way to know when something is done – remove the item 5-10 degrees BEFORE the desired final internal temperature.

A Gas Grill Cooking Twist

Although GRILLING is always done with the lid cover open, gas grill cooking can incorporate additional cooking methods that make it preferable to cook with the grill cover closed. With the grill lid closed, the grill changes from a CONDUCTIVE cooking vehicle to a CONVECTIVE cooking one – more like your oven. Of course you could just use your oven for using these cooking methods, but outdoor cooking does have some advantages over indoor cooking – particularly in warmer weather. So how do you turn your dry heat, direct source cooking vehicle (the grill) into one that can utilize a moist convective cooking process? It’s actually a pretty cool technique for gas grill cooking. This is a trick I use most often with delicate fish, such as tilapia. First, I turn the heat OFF on the side of the grill that my tilapia will cook. Then, I add a pan of water to the bottom of the other side of the grill – right on top of the heat elements. Keep in mind that this “water” can be any kind of liquid you like. I use shrimp stock sometimes with fish, but you can season it with chicken broth, wine – anything that is liquid and imparts nice, complimentary flavors to the product you are cooking. Then, the fish is placed either directly on the grill (if you have a flat grate option) or you can put it in a cast iron pan and put it on the grill grates. The rest of the procedure for this type of gas grill cooking follows the normal grilling process – cook with your eyes and observations, flip after 75% done, use a thermometer to determine final temperature and remove a bit “early” to allow for the carry-over cooking that occurs. And that’s it, now you can consider gas grill COOKING in addition to standard GRILLING for great outdoor cooking results.

Gas Barbeque Grills vs Charcoal Grills

You will hear from many self-proclaimed GRILLMASTERS that the traditional charcoal grill is far superior to the gas barbeque grill, but the gas grill has many advantages that make it a great choice for any outdoor cooking situation. I will admit that the charcoal grill provides opportunity for a deep, smoky flavor that is not fully achievable with the gas barbeque grill, but after that all of the “pros” go into the gas grill’s column. For starters, the gas grill is much easier and safer to start because it uses propane as fuel and starts at the press of a button. Charcoal grills can be easily started with lighter fluid, but this can be dangerous, and can impart an undesirable taste into the food. Plus, the gas grill turns OFF as easily as it turned on! No waiting for coals to cool so that you can empty and clean the grill and no messy coals to dispose of. The other nice thing about gas barbeque grills is that they allow for consistent heat throughout the cooking process. With the charcoal variety, the cook has to really control the heat by actually moving products closer and further and this takes some practice and experience.

These cooking tips for gas grills seem simple but they truly are the difference between great grilling results and disappointing meals. The next time you get ready to grill, remember that careful product selection and a basic understanding of cooking methods is all you need to master the barbeque grill, creating outdoor meals and memories for life.

Chef Todd Mohr is a classically trained chef, entrepreneur, cooking educator and founder of WebCookingClasses. You CAN learn to cook without written recipes by taking his FREE cooking class that will change the way you think about cooking forever!

In this modern era, car is gaining popularity as one of the primary type of transportation. Almost every family has at least a car now to ease the burden of traveling. Car is a very good and easy form of transportation. However, how do we protect our car from any sorts of damages? Most of us would choose to buy a car insurance to insure our car from theft, accidents or other mishaps. We would just buy any insurance policies which are recommended by the insurance company of our choice if we have little knowledge on auto insurance.

Paying insurance premium every year could prove a burden to us if we do not manage to get optimum benefits from our insurance policies since insurance premiums are getting expensive nowadays. Cheap car insurance is getting harder to obtain and there are a few guides which we have to keep in mind.

First of all, we have to make comparisons and research when we are planning to take up an insurance policy. The rates differ from one insurance company to another. Try getting as many quotes of insurance rates from different insurance companies and make comparisons to ensure that we are able to get the cheapest insurance rate. In this technological world, gathering data about different insurance rates is getting easier because most of the insurance companies have websites. We can get a lot of different insurance rates easily by internet. By collecting different insurance rates using internet, we can obtain the data we want in a few minutes without going to the insurance company ourselves.

Next, we should look at our car model and its condition. The type of car we are driving is an important factor when we are trying to get a cheap insurance policy. By making our car secured with alarms and other devices because these devices help protect your car from any sorts of mishaps. Therefore, insurance companies would be more willing to offer you lower rates. Older cars and by declining collision and comprehensive cover would also enable you to get lower rates.

There are a lot of deductibles available and a discounted insurance policy does not guarantee that that we have gotten a cheap auto insurance. We might not get the deductible we want if you do not fulfill the conditions in the terms of the insurance policy. Having a good driving record or becoming an employee or member of certain company or association might help us to get cheap car insurance as some insurance companies list this as their condition for deductibles.

Alternatively, some insurance companies offer lower rates if we sign up your other insurances such as house insurance with the same insurance company. They are able to get more profit from us when we are getting more insurance policies from the same company. Buying our car insurance online could also help us to get lower rates as well as a lot of insurance companies offer discounts if we purchase it online.

Getting an expensive insurance does not guarantee that we will get the best benefits from it. Cheap car insurance would offer almost same benefits if we know how to use it optimally.

I hope you gather the desired information from this article, I would recommend you to check out my other articles to be surprised even more! Visit my site right now to learn more about how you can get Cheap Car Insurance with ease! You are also welcome to read other articles about Cheap Car Insurance Rates at http://www.cheap-car-insurance-tips.com Your time is greatly appreciated and thanks for reading this article.

For most people, augmenting their compilation of recipes through the inclusion of gourmet culinary recipes for applying them at home is easier said than done. However, things have changed and this no longer holds good.

Today, you can collect every one of the recipes you require and apply them just the way you want since, in the present times, both the recipes as well as the ingredients can be easily found. These days a lot of chefs are creating wonderful dishes for their family with the help of the terrific gourmet culinary recipes that are easily obtainable. You too can attempt something similar.

Handy Hints for Excellent Gourmet Cuisine

Gourmet culinary recipes can be discovered on the internet. However, is it possible to use them? The following are some handy hints that you should bear in mind.

1. Carefully regulate the preparation temperature and time in accordance with the appliances you have at your residence. As these recipes are supplied by certified specialists, they are usually created for use in commercial kitchens, and this may indicate cooking at high temperatures in a particular set up to achieve speedy results.

But these days this not usually the case in many kitchens. The silver lining is that when using these measurements, it is possible for you to modify them in order to match the appliance that you have at home. To achieve this, you can make use of diagrams and tables that you can look for on the internet.

2. Always, go in for good quality ingredients as per the recipe’s instructions. If you wish to achieve perfect results then you need to invest time in searching for and buying the ingredients mentioned and of high quality. Do not be rushed but take your time choosing the proper kind, quality, and size of vegetable, spices and meats that you require. Such a course of action will ensure you prepare ideal gourmet culinary dishes.

3. Familiarize yourself with various styles of cooking food. By attending cooking schools, workshops, reading periodicals and viewing television shows, you can acquaint yourself with various cooking styles used for different recipes. You need to be aware of the proper application of gourmet cooking utensils and appliances to enable you to cook gourmet cuisine with finesse and flair.

For people planning to prepare gourmet cuisine it makes no difference in applying the available recipes. What does count when cooking gourmet food is some sensible advice and plenty of detailed planning. Give utmost attention to the nitty-gritty’s and you can rest assured that you dishes turn out just right.

Abhishek is a cooking enthusiast! Visit his website http://www.Cooking-Guru.com and download his FREE Cooking Report “Master Chef Secrets” and learn some amazing Cooking tips and tricks for FREE! Learn how to create the perfect meal on a shoe-string budget. And yes, you get to keep all the accolades! But hurry, only limited Free copies available! http://www.Cooking-Guru.com

The biggest myth surrounding cat ownership is that cats are worry free, self-contained and self-providing pets that require little or no maintenance. Cats are so good at giving people the impression of independence and self-reliance that people believe they don’t have to provide the highly focused attention to cats that, say, dogs require. The fact of the matter is that cats do require the same attention to detail that any dog does, and maybe even a little more, in some cases. This is especially true when it comes to probing the controversy regarding whether raw cat food is better that canned cat food or kibbles for your feline ward.

It’s a sad thing to look around our country these days and see so many people who have allowed themselves to become overweight and then have to deal with the consequential suffering and ill-health effects of obesity. Diabetes, shortness of breath, constant exhaustion from lugging around so many extra pounds and lowered self-esteem. Of course, the garment industry is singing happy tunes with all the extra thread they have to put together. There’s no shortage of explanations for why this situation has come about, but I think when it comes down to it we can only blame ourselves at the individual level for allowing such a condition to take root. After all, how many pounds overweight does one have to get before they realize that something’s not right and becoming a problem? 10, 20… 50 lbs? And how long does it take to realize that the magic pills, diets, elixirs and effortless, lose-weight-with-no-work-out machines are products being marketed to your ego, to separate you from your bank account, and not to solve your problem? No… the only way to find an ideal normality is with thorough research, discovery and a lot of hard work accompanied with a healthy life style change. But, enough sermonizing about the human condition. This is about cats, their eating habits and raw cat food.

One thing needs to come along with this discussion from the previous paragraph. Most people are not experts in animal nutrition and rely on others to lead them in the right direction. The source for most ‘experts’ available to a person for their daily decision making and selection of choices usually comes to us through the traditional media of radio, newspapers, television and now, the internet. Media offers two kinds of resources. Investigative reporting which is presented in newscasts or opinion pieces, and secondly, the marketing hype that provides commercial broadcast funding. The former is reliable enough to put credence into and might call for further research on your part if it interests you. The latter really only wants you to spend your money with them. That’s not necessarily bad… it does ultimately put people to work and provides many with an adequate, and even comfortable living. Unfortunately, the bottom line is… corporations only have one objective in the end. That is to feed their bottom line. Now recent events have caused many to reconsider the morality behind a corporations goals. But, as long as this market structure is the paradigm for our economy, the ultimate goal for big business will always be to maximize their profit-loss statements towards the profit end of the spectrum, any way they can get away with, and at your expense… literally.

So, what does this have to do with cats and if raw cat food is what you should be feeding them? Simply put, most people rely on the marketing hype to base their decisions regarding the food they feed their pets. Which is exactly the wrong source for basing such a critical decision. Take the cat for example. It’s not only a scientific fact, but a cultural one also, that the cat is described as an obligate carnivore. This defines cats as creatures who derive most of their food nutrients from the animals they hunt and consume (raw cat food). When a cat devours it’s prey, she will eat everything including not only muscle meat, but the brains, organ meat and the stomach and its contents which may consist of grasses and grains. One thing she doesn’t do is fire up a stove and saute or bake her dinner, or prepare a nice sauce to go with it. She eats it raw. Cultural purists use this description as an argument that feeding cats store bought, mass produced canned or dry cat food is doing your cat a disservice by depriving her of the natural nutrients she would normally get in the raw cat food she captures in the wild, and for which she was biologically designed.

Pottenger’s cats

Francis M. Pottenger, Jr. (1901 – 1967) was the son of Francis M. Pottenger, Sr., the physician who co-founded the Pottenger Sanatorium for treatment of tuberculosis in Monrovia, California. Between 1932 and 1942 he conducted what is know as the Pottenger Cat Study. One part of this study was what effect heat had on the nutrient value of raw food. In other words, what happens to food when you cook it.

“Pottenger used donated laboratory cats to test the potency of the adrenal extract hormones he was making. The adrenal glands of these cats were removed for the experiments and Pottenger noted that most of the cats died during or following the operation. He was feeding the cats a supposedly nutritive diet consisting of raw milk, cod liver oil and cooked meat scraps of liver, tripe, sweetbread, brains, heart and muscle.

When the number of donated cats exceeded the supply of food available, Pottenger began ordering raw meat scraps from a local meat packing plant, including organs, meat, and bone; and fed a separate group of cats from this supply. Within months this separate group appeared in better health than the cooked meat group. Their kittens were more energetic and, most interestingly, their post-operative death rate was lower.

At a certain point, he decided to begin a controlled scientific exploration. Pottenger conducted studies involving approximately 900 cats over a period of ten years, with three generations of cats being studied.

Meat study:

In one study, one group of cats was fed a diet of:

• Two-thirds raw meat, one-third raw milk, and cod-liver oil
• A second group was fed a diet of two-thirds cooked meat, one-third raw milk, and cod-liver oil.

The cats fed the all-raw diet were healthy while the cats fed the cooked meat diet developed various health problems:

• By the end of the first generation the cats started to develop degenerative diseases and became quite lazy.
• By the end of the second generation, the cats had developed degenerative diseases by mid-life and started losing their coordination.
• By the end of the third generation the cats had developed degenerative diseases very early in life and some were born blind and weak and had a much shorter life span. Many of the third generation cats couldn’t even produce offspring. There was an abundance of parasites and vermin while skin diseases and allergies increased from an incidence of five percent in normal cats to over 90 percent in the third generation of deficient cats. Kittens of the third generation did not survive six months. Bones became soft and pliable and the cats suffered from adverse personality changes. Males became docile while females became more aggressive.
• The cats suffered from most of the degenerative diseases encountered in human medicine and died out totally by the fourth generation.

At the time of Pottenger’s Study the amino acid taurine had been discovered but had not yet been identified as an essential amino acid for Cats. Today many cats thrive on a cooked meat diet where taurine has been added after cooking. The deficient diets lacked sufficient taurine to allow the cat’s to properly form protein structures and resulted in the health effects observed. Pottenger himself concluded that there was likely an “as yet unknown” protein factor (taurine) that may have been heat sensitive.

Milk Study:

In another study, dubbed the “Milk Study,”, the cats were fed 2/3 milk and 1/3 meat. All groups were fed raw meat with different groups getting raw, pasteurized, evaporated, sweetened condensed or raw metabolized vitamin D milk. The cats on raw milk were the healthiest while the rest exhibited varying degrees of health problems similar to the previous cooked meat study.

This particular Pottenger cat study has been cited by advocates of raw milk as evidence that it is likely healthier for humans than pasteurized milk.” +

Though Pottenger’s experiments don’t conclusively verify that raw cat food diets are better for sustaining a healthy support for the physiological needs of cats than cooked (canned) or dry kibbles, (because he didn’t use canned cat food or kibbles in the experiments) certain conclusions can be drawn.

• Cooking meat can destroy certain food nutrients, namely amino acids (proteins)
• Cats thrive more healthily on raw meat rather than cooked meat with less degenerative results
• Cooking meat for your cat requires the replacement of the essential amino acid taurine, and possibly other nutrients destroyed in the cooking process

Pet food marketing hype says that “XYZ” cat food products are healthy for your pet because it adds “ABC” nutrients, vitamins and minerals to their product which safeguards your cat’s health. Fortunately, marketing laws require that the ingredients in any given product be listed on the packaging of your cat’s food. Ultimately, it is left up to you to make the decision about which is the best shelf product for your cat.

For a discussion that details interpreting cat food labels CLICK HERE

Today’s problem plagued market place has left many in doubt as to whether the corporate entities that supply the bulk of our aggregate necessities can continue to be worthy of our trust. Arrogance and greed have always gone head to head with social morality and it’s usually the end user that ends up paying with unnecessary suffering. Many pet owners have now taken matters into their own hands and are resorting to providing from raw ingredients meals made with their own hands for their pets. It’s not a bad step but certain measures, which include a life-style change, need to be taken when preparing your pet’s meals to keep her safe from bacterial infection and insure that her nutritional needs are met.

Here’s an example of a raw cat food meal preparation from scratch:

• 2 kg [4.4 pounds] raw muscle meat with bones (chicken necks are mostly cartilage, are easy to chop and easy for the cat to digest) thighs and drumsticks or, better, a whole carcass of rabbit or chicken amounting to 2 kg; if you don’t use a whole carcass, opt for dark meat like thighs and drumsticks from chicken or turkey)
• 400 grams [14 oz] raw heart, ideally from the same animal (if no heart is available, substitute with 4000 mg Taurine)
• 200 grams [7 oz] raw liver, ideally from the same animal (if you can’t find appropriate liver, you can substitute 40,000 IU of Vitamin A and 1600 IU of Vitamin D–but try to use real liver instead of substitutes).
  • NOTE: If you cannot find the heart or liver and decide to substitute with the Taurine/Vitamin A and D, then remember to replace the missing amount of organ meat with the equivalent amount of muscle meat. In other words, if you cannot find heart, you add another 400 grams of the meat/bones. If you can’t find the liver, add another 200 grams of meat/bones.

• 16 oz [2 cups] water
• 4 raw egg yolks (use eggs from free-range, antibiotic-free chickens if you can)
• 4 capsules raw glandular supplement (such as, for example, “Raw Multiple Glandular” from Premier Labs)
• 4000 mg salmon oil
• 200 mg Vitamin B complex
• 800 IU Vitamin E (“dry E” works well) Buy Vitamin E in dry powder form. It’s much easier to deal with than those little oil-filled capsules.
• OPTIONAL: 1/4 teaspoon of kelp and 1/4 teaspoon of dulse (1/2 teaspoon total) Try and get dulse and kelp in powder form that you can easily measure with a teaspoon rather than in capsule form. Taking apart those capsules is time consuming. If you can only find kelp in caplet form, you’ll need to spend time crushing the caplets with a mortar and pestle.
• OPTIONAL: 4 teaspoons psyllium husk powder (8 teaspoons if using whole psyllium husks) ?

It looks like this recipe will produce about 5- 6 lbs of finished raw cat food product which would feed a single cat for several weeks. That means most of it would have to be frozen in individual air tight containers and thawed as needed.

The digestive system of a cat is designed to handle things human systems can’t. Their stomachs have a highly acidic environment, which is an excellent deterrent to ingested bacteria such as e coli and salmonella. In the wild, cats sometimes eat some pretty iffy stuff with no ill effects. Wild cats die more often from infection due to injuries than from food poisoning. However, there are steps you can take if you have concerns about raw cat food bourn bacteria.

• Avoid packaged supermarket ground beef using whole chunks of meat instead
• Buy “free-range” meat and poultry as fresh as possible
• Add priobiotics (which help maintain intestinal health) to your raw food preparation
• Proper handling of raw cat food is essential since some raw cat food may contain bacteria that could cause illness to you or your pets. Be sure to keep raw cat food meat and poultry separate from other foods. Wash hands prior to, and after handling raw cat food. Wash working surfaces, bowls, and utensils that come in contact with raw meat with hot, soapy water. Always wash your hands after cleaning your cat’s waste; this includes litter boxes.
• Pick up and dispose of uneaten raw cat food within 30 minutes of feeding your cat

Preparing raw cat food meals from scratch for your cat is a labor of love indulged in by purists. Most people don’t have the time, and maybe lack the talent to take on such a task. If you count yourself among this latter group, rest easy. Ready-made products are finding their way to the market place. There are complete raw cat food meals which are shipped frozen and there are mixes which all you have to do is add the meat. Just remember that if you are going with the mix, be certain that the essential amino acids such as taurine are included. If not then be sure to add the heart (a source for taurine) and other organ meat from the same animal if possible, with the raw cat food meal so that your cat won’t be deprived of these critical ingredients.

So, what are the trade-offs you ask?

Well, for one thing you will have to forego the convenience of one-stop-shopping in the supermarket pet food aisles. Orders for raw cat food meals or mixes are mostly made on-line so you will have to deal with credit or debit cards. Pre-planning will have to be regular routine so that you don’t run out of raw cat food before the next shipment arrives. If a shipment thaws, you will have to return it because you won’t want to take any chances with bacterial infection. Most companies will honor returns due to thawing. And, if you prepare raw cat food meals completely from scratch, be prepared to spend a couple of hours in the kitchen with this task.

The real trade-off is with the quality of cat food you will be providing. The store bought ‘meal’ based cereal foods will be replaced with the high quality fresh foods that cat’s were designed for. Some cats may balk at the transition at first because they weren’t socialized with raw cat food as kittens. But, their health will show marked improvement, you will probably be surprised by the results which can be compared to how your cat behaved before being fed a fresh, high quality raw cat food diet that meets their needs nutritionally, plus their immune systems will be stronger giving your cat a chance for a longer, healthier life.

Ask any monk or even the ordinary, next-door-neighbor contemplative type, and they’ll tell you that life is not easy; suffering is the characteristic that describes much of the existence in this corner of the Universe, and that the punishment for ignoring this fact is to bear more suffering. Yet this suffering can be relieved with even a little knowledge and understanding of why and how things can operate to ease your burden. It does take a willingness on your part to change and accept new habits to accommodate a changed life-style. But, knowledge and understanding cannot be acquired through osmosis. It takes a lot of work to comprehend even a small amount of the sense that holds life together. One can’t depend on epiphanies either. Like magic and miracles, instant knowledge occurs only rarely… and you can grow old waiting for it while your cat pines for a raw cat food meal. It’d be like huffing and puffing along wondering why you’re carrying around all that extra baggage.

+ – Thanks to Wikipedia for this excerpt

? – Thanks to Wikihow

Robert J Gallegos is the author of http://www.catlover-giftsworld.com a web site dedicated to proper cat care with quality cat lover gifts based on an understanding of cat behavior, instincts and the unique requirements for healthy cats as pets. Cats are the newest of animals to be domesticated and still have one paw in the wild. It’s a major reason why they’re so mysterious and resistant to human expectations.
Robert is a life long lover of cats. He is dedicated to sharing his understanding of the cat experience, reducing the epidemic feral cat situation, and helping cat lovers to provide the best care for their cats.

Ham is usually sold in one of three conditions:

1) Fully cooked

2) Partially cooked

3) Uncooked

Although the cooking techniques are similar, there are differences between a fully cooked and a partially cooked or uncooked ham. For example, a fully cooked ham should be cooked to an internal temperature of 140 degrees Fahrenheit, while a partially cooked or uncooked one should be cooked to an internal temperature of 160 degrees.

The instructions below are grouped into sections for fully cooked and partially or uncooked hams. –

Roasting or Baking–Fully Cooked

There are three basic types of fully cooked ham:

1) Wet cured or City Ham

2) Spiral sliced

3) Canned hams

Keep in mind that a fully cooked ham does not require cooking; it can be eaten as is. But cooking it can bring out the flavors of its own juices. The flavor can also be enhanced by adding other ingredients during the baking process. A fully cooked ham should be cooked to an internal temperature of 140 degrees.

Spiral Sliced Ham

This type is pre-seasoned and does not require cooking. However, if the ham is to be served warm place it in aluminum foil, cut side down and add approximately ½ cup of water. Wrap ham tightly in aluminum foil and cook at 275º-300º. Allow 10 to 14 minutes per pound cooking time. Ham may be removed from oven when internal temperature reaches 135º. Allow to sit in foil for a few minutes until the internal temperature reaches 140º.

Canned Ham

Place the ham in a shallow cooking pan, uncovered. Bake at 325º. Allow 15 to 20 minutes per pound cooking time.

Wet Cured (City) Ham

This ham may be cooked either covered or uncovered.

Covered

Trim any excess skin and fat. Do not trim off all the fat as that is what produces the juices and flavor. Place ham in a roasting pan, if cut, place cut side down. Cover with aluminum foil and bake at 325 degrees. Allow 15 to 18 minutes per pound for whole hams and 18 to 24 minutes per pound for half hams. Glazes, if used, should be applied during the last thirty minutes of cooking.

Uncovered

Follow directions for covered ham, except do not cover with foil. Use same cooking temperatures and times. Apply glaze in the last 30 minutes of cooking.

Roasting or Baking Partially Cooked or Uncooked Ham

These hams are defined as Dry-Cured (Country) ham or Wet-Cured (City) Ham types. Remember, regardless of the type, these hams should be cooked to an internal temperature of 160 degrees.

Dry-Cured (Country) Ham

These hams need to be washed and soaked for up to three days before cooking. Follow the label directions on the ham for washing and soaking instructions. This type of ham can be baked covered or uncovered.

Covered

After soaking, place it in a large roasting pan with 4 to 5 cups of water. If the ham has a skinless side and a side with skin, put it in the roasting pan skin side up.

Cover the ham with aluminum foil or a cover. Put the ham in a preheated 375 degree oven and increase oven temperature to 500º and cook at this setting for the first 10 minutes only. After 10 minutes, turn the oven off and allow the ham to set for three hours without opening the oven door. Turn the oven back on to 500º again for 15 minutes. This time, the ham needs to set in the oven, without the door being opened, for 6 to 8 hours. After setting, the internal temperature of the ham should be at least 160 degrees; if not, repeat the 500 degrees setting again for 15 minutes and check the ham after 1 to 2 hours. If desired, brush with glaze before serving.

Uncovered

After soaking, place the ham in a large roasting pan with 3 cups water. Do not cover. Put the ham in a preheated 325 degree oven and cook until the internal temperature reaches 160 degrees. As a guide, a whole ham will need about 18 to 20 minutes and a half ham will need about 22 to 25 minutes cooking time per pound.

Wet-Cured (City) Ham

Use the same methods as the fully cooked wet cured hams, but remember to cook to an internal temperature of 160 degrees. Therefore, the cooking time will be a little longer than that for a fully cooked wet ham.

Ham Cooking Tips

• Baking at lower temperatures but with increased times will result in richer flavored hams. Do not use temperatures below 200 degrees.
• Do not pierce the ham once cooking begins-this allows beneficial juices and flavorings to escape.
• When checking the internal temperature, avoid touching the bone with the thermometer as this can cause an incorrect reading.

Learn more about how to cook a ham and about cooking in general at these links.

Ray T. Lewis thinks that if it’s pork, it tastes good. And that just about sums up his ideas on food.

Preview: Boost Your Business Marketing! Speak Professionally. Inexpensively Attract New Clients/Customers. Tested And Proven System. Get repeatedly invited, acknowledged – and even paid – as an “expert-who-speaks”. Market your products, services or yourself to numerous potential individual or group clients at once. Step up to Smarter Business Marketing(TM). This article tells you how.

Preamble

The ideas I share in this article are based on personal experiences I have had as an entrepreneur, and strategies/techniques I have developed as a result, to help me achieve my goals. Basically, I use them every now and then depending on whether I assess a particular situation or opportunity to have “good business selling potential”. They are not designed to be immediately applicable to every situation, which is why I suggest you think of ways you can adapt them to suit your unique circumstances and/or needs.

How Effective Are You At Speaking Before Important Persons Or Large Audiences About Your Business?

Do you worry or become anxious when you have to speak one-on-one with an important person or before large audiences? Do you have to market products or services to NEW people daily? Do you dread having to make those cold calls to their phones, offices or homes to try making the sale? Are you looking for a proven technique to help you increase your success rate in speaking convincingly to people AT FIRST CONTACT/MEETING?

As a serious minded business owner, you will know that successfully creating (adequate and continuous) awareness about your products/services can be quite a challenging task. I have certainly found it to be so, on a number of occasions! But, I have also always been a person with a passion for problem-solving and process simplification.

To put it another way, I am perpetually on the lookout for cheaper yet more effective way(s) of doing anything I do. My “search” eventually led me to develop for myself – about 4 years ago – what I have called the “Public Speaking for Business Marketing system(PSBM)(TM)” which is designed to enable me cost-effectively boost my marketing efforts when speaking to potential (individual or group) client audiences.

This article offers street-smart, tested and proven strategies you can use to equip yourself to succeed more often in making good and lasting impressions through WHAT YOU SAY and HOW YOU SAY IT(i.e. your communication skills) – especially at formal events like interviews, presentations, business meetings etc.

Speaking Effectively Is Important For Your Business Marketing Success

In doing your business marketing, you will find that sometimes you are required at some stage to have a one-on-one meeting with a prospect, who will want to hear from you exactly how you think your product or service will benefit him/her. In some cases the individual you have to speak with could even be representing a larger group of people, and your ability to CONVINCE him/her that you have something the group or organisation needs could win you an invitation to do a presentation to the larger group of decision makers – taking you closer to making the sale you want.

In essence, when I speak here about speaking effectively in public, I refer to both situations i.e. one in which you have to speak with an individual and that in which you have to speak to a group of people, or indeed a large audience.

Without taking the pains to think carefully through and articulate the key benefits of what you have to offer, in a way that you can SAY it to those who need to hear it, you are likely to STRUGGLE to convince your individual or group audiences that they need your service or product. Potential buyers tend to develop cold feet when the seller they are considering is unable to give them CONVINCING arguments/reasons to go ahead and buy, or make enquiries about buying from him/her.

What Is The Public Speaking for Business Marketing System(PSBM)(TM) About?

What I have called the PSBM(TM) is a “customisable” combination of innovative techniques designed to enable business owners/entrepreneurs/self-employed professionals cost-effectively boost their marketing efforts by speaking professionally to potential client audiences.

There is one key objective of developing/using a PSBM(TM) system: to promote a significant increase in the level of awareness about the speaker/marketer’s products and/or services. Another is the generation of continuous streams of patronage from existing – and new clients. These and more can be achieved, using this system, typically at a fraction of conventional marketing/ advertising costs.

The system will typically have two aspects:

a. the Public Speaking aspect

b. the Street-Smart/Electronic Marketing Strategies & Techniques aspect.

Used together, practically anyone can successfully boost his/her business marketing efficiency and effectiveness.

Who Needs To Use Public Speaking For Business Marketing(PSBM)(TM)?

Virtually every business owner is likely to have need for a cost-effective, long-term and comprehensive system like this. One that enables you to keep prospects and clients “thinking” about what you can do for them for “longer” periods – thereby increasing your chances of getting contacted by them, so you can “close” the sale.

As the preview to this article proclaims, if you can find a way to repeatedly speak professionally – in your areas of PROVEN expertise – to potential client audiences, you stand a good chance of continuously generating new business for yourself. This will happen as a result of increased awareness about, and interest (in you and/or) your services/products – which would have been triggered by your speaking activities.

How Using Public Speaking For Business Marketing(PSBM)(TM) Can Help You

“Whether you’re selling (products), services or yourself, Public Speaking is a great way to market yourself to a lot of potential clients at once ..(and) drum up new business” – Robert Dickman (Highly sought after Hollywood performance consultant, who was once asked – in year 2000 – by Time Magazine to rate the public speaking abilities of America’s Presidential candidates at the time.)

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Going by what I have said so far, it becomes obvious that your ability to speak effectively can yield at least two benefits:

(1) Stimulate prospects’ interest and consequently generate sales leads.

(2) Help you win MORE (sometimes even paid) speaking opportunities & new clients.

Since the ability to speaking convincingly to your prospective buyer about what you have to offer is so important to generating sales leads or closing sales, I believe it only makes sense to LEARN how to speak MORE effectively in a way that makes the above – and more – happen on a regular basis.

How/Where Can You Find Business Marketing Speaking Opportunities?

1. During your routine business marketing visits – or meetings/appointments – with individual/groups decision makers, This would be a typical one-on-one or small group situation.

2. By writing and sending out letters(or even e-mails) to decision makers introducing yourself and stating that you offer such and such talks, keynote speeches. You would make it known that you are available to speak at conferences/events/meetings/retreats etc organised by individuals or groups fitting our target audience profile.

The second opportunity offers potentially greater rewards because YOU would have been invited by them, meaning(unlike the first opportunity which is a “cold call” situation), the audience is MORE likely to be interested in what you have to say – and sell. In addition, many individuals and groups fitting your target audience profile are likely to be LOOKING for “experts” or “specialists” to deliver “talks” or “keynote speeches” at their special outings or corporate events. Your chances of making even greater marketing impact would therefore be boosted since you get to speak to a large number of potential “buyers” all at once.

But you have to make a success of the speaking outing first – and giving a good speech is only a PART of it! Learn why I say so below.

You Don’t Just Need A Speech(es) – You Need A SYSTEM!

It’s not just knowing how to speak and then going out to do so. Having a PSBM(TM) goes beyond that. In ADDITION to being a competent and effective speaker, you will also have in your arsenal other things you will do BEFORE you speak, WHILE you speak and AFTER you have spoken, that will help you achieve the business marketing results you want. It is the combination of your speaking and associated non-speaking actions that constitutes your PSBM(TM) system.

Below, I have listed some key considerations you need to make in developing a PSBM(TM) system that works for you. It does not cover every possibility – you will have to think through what needs to be added, modified or removed completely.

1. How can I learn to (write and) deliver speeches that will help me market my products, services or myself to potential customers/clients?

2. How will I get myself repeatedly invited as an “expert-who-speaks” by my target audience?

3. Is it really possible for me to get PAID as a “speaker/educator”? – and if it is, how exactly do I go about making that happen?

Suggestions: Recognised paid speaking professionals, like Burt Dubin, offer a Speaking Success System(http://www.SpeakingBizSuccess.com) that guarantees you success in the speaking business or your money back. That is of course if you really want to make speaking another dimension to your business offering(I say why not?!). Alternatively, enroll for a Public Speaking training programme at a reputable outfit. Questions you have will be answered there.

Then there is a compulsory assignment: Get yourself a copy of Dale Carnegie’s book: How TO Develop Self-Confidence & Influence People By Public Speaking AND read it over and over again, till you can virtually recall what is written on the next line while reading the preceding one. It’s an excellent book that teaches the art of public speaking in a manner that makes it REAL for the learner.

4. How do I successfully convert enquiries generated through my public speaking activities into new business/patronage?

5. What can I do to reduce the effort it would take to do all the above, so it doesn’t tell on my ability to run my business?

Suggestions: Always use low cost business marketing techniques – both offline and especially on the Internet. Prepare Edumercials (Educational Commercials) about your products or services that will be made available as printed handouts – but preferably as downloaded documents from your website, which you can invite the audience you speak to, to visit your website to request using a contact form(to which you will link follow-up autoresponders as appropriate).

Your website can do so much work for you here. It provides a very cost-effective medium through which to capture prospects. Your speaking outings, and business cards, etc that you give out to those who ask will drive traffic to your site -since you WILL have invited the recipients/audience to visit your site and get say your free report on a useful/interesting topic.

Your free website newsletter(weekly, or periodical) would ALSO be on offer for subscription by your visiting prospects, and through it, you would stay in touch with visitors and even get them to invite friends to join too, because they’re getting useful tips from you!

Convert speeches you deliver to articles and special reports, then offer them for publication online to ezine owners and free submission websites. Make sure to indicate the article is based on a speech you delivered at so and so event, since that adds to your credibility as a recognised authority on the subject. If you have not been invited to speak before, the quality of your articles- if good – can eventually influence decision makers to invite you. Just make sure that by the time they do, you have fully prepared yourself to make a success of the opportunity. In certain cases, you may discover that your writing reputation has preceded you so well, that THEY will be the ones asking you what your speaking FEES are! So, make sure you have THAT already worked out before they ask!

“Luck is what happens when preparation meets opportunity” – Unknown

What You Need To ALWAYS Remember!

PLEASE NEVER FORGET THIS: You can use your PSBM(TM) system on individuals as well as on small groups or large audiences. In short, you should use your PSBM(TM) system in EVERY business marketing situation that you find it appropriate or relevant.

Of course, since speaking to more than one person offers better potential returns, you would do well to seek opportunities to make that happen more often – hence the need to announce your availability to speak on your area of expertise in as many appropriate places as possible.

The important thing is that you make sure you deliver your intended marketing message in a way that makes those who listen to you, and who fit your your target audience profile(NOT everyone will), readily recognise a need for your products and services, and willing to take action to get it by contacting you for details etc. If you can do this, your PSBM(TM) system can be correctly judged to be working well!

Summary

Business marketing is primarily about getting yourself to the top of your target customer’s consciousness and staying there for as long as necessary to make him/her “buy”. It’s a game of percentages. You can expect maybe ZERO to say 3 of every 100 persons exposed to your marketing to give you a chance to “sell” to them. That does not mean ALL of them will buy. Which is why you need to market FREQUENTLY and to as many pre-qualified prospects as possible: which means plenty of WORK for you!

Adopting a system that takes the work out of your business marketing is sure to dramatically transform the way you do business for the better. It will forever alter, positively – and powerfully – how your existing (and prospective) clients/customers see you – including the ones that do not buy from you(at first).

Why not relieve yourself of the stress of unraveling the marketing dilemma that plagues most business owners today? Develop and start using your own Public Speaking for Business Marketing(PSBM)(TM) system. Take the decision to Step Up To Smarter Business Marketing(TM(TM) today..NOW!

Self-Development/Performance Enhancement Specialist – Tayo Solagbade – works as a Multipreneur, helping individuals/businesses develop and implement strategies to achieve their goals, faster and more profitably.

WANT TO LEARN HOW TO DEVELOP YOUR OWN PSBM™?

A comprehensive Acrobat PDF E-book(which can be printed/bound in physical form) that details everything you need to know to successfully develop and start using your own PSBM™ system can be personalised for, and delivered to YOU. Just fill/submit the request form (stating any needs and interests) at http://www.spontaneousdevelopment.com/contact.htm

Health insurance lead generation systems provide a stead stream of potential clients for health insurance brokers. Health insurance leads are considered to be people who may need health coverage to supplement the health coverage provided by their employer. A health insurance lead can also be someone who is self-employed and needs to obtain coverage for themselves or their entire family. Health insurance brokers rely on health insurance leads systems to supply them with enough potential clients to keep their business going. There are a large number of people who either need additional coverage or are in business for themselves and need an individual or family health insurance plan.

Health insurance lead services are available at a reasonable cost to health insurance brokers. Typically, health insurance leads companies will charge an annual or monthly fee for the leads and account maintenance. When considering a health insurance lead system, it is best to look for one that offers an unlimited amount of leads for one low monthly fee. Some companies that provide health insurance leads charge a per-lead fee. Make sure the leads are guaranteed for you money back or at least a guarantee that the company will replace them free of additional charges.

The way it works is through referral systems. The qualified health insurance lead fills out a form on the health insurance leads provider’s website. Upon receipt of the form, the lead service emails the health insurance agent the information submitted by the health insurance lead. The health insurance agent then contacts the health insurance lead via email or phone and provides them with a quote on the type of health insurance coverage they are looking for. In order to obtain the most qualified health insurance leads, health insurance brokers can give the leads service company specific information about the types of coverage offered.

Many health insurance lead generation systems come with automated email follow-ups. It is important for the insurance agent to contact the health insurance leads as soon as possible. Some of the health insurance leads are provided to more than one insurance agent. With the cost of health care constantly rising, the health insurance industry is very competitive and timing could make the difference between success and failure. With a consistent health insurance lead generation system and quick follow-ups, a steady stream of high quality leads will continue to come in. This could give you a huge advantage over the competition.

For more information, visit:
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http://www.christianet.com/

The need to eradicate poverty through increased literacy

One of the central goals defined by the Government of Mozambique in its long-term development strategy is “poverty reduction through labour-intensive economic growth”. The highest priority is assigned to reduce poverty in rural areas, where 90 percent of poor Mozambicans live, and also in urban zones. The Government recognizes also that, for this development strategy on poverty eradication to succeed, expansion and improvement in the education system are critically important elements in both long-term and short-term perspectives.

In the long term, universal access to education of acceptable quality is essential for the development

of Mozambique´s human resources, and the economic growth will depend to a significant extend on the education and training of the labour force. It is very important to develop a critical mass of well trained and highly qualified workforce which in turn will improve the overall literacy, intellectual development, training capacity and technical skills in various areas of the country’s economic and industrial development.

In the short term, increased access and improved quality in basic education are powerful mechanisms for wealth redistribution and the promotion of social equity. This policy is consistent with the provisions of the new Constitution of Mozambique adopted on 16 November 2004, in its articles 113 and 114 which deal respectively with education and higher education. Around the year 1990, the Government of Mozambique decided to change its social, economic and political orientation system from the centrally-planned system inherited from the communist era and adopted a western-style of free market system. At the same time, it was also decided to adopt fundamental changes in the education programmes. Since drastic changes and wide ranging effects were resulting from the adoption of the new economic and political orientation, it was necessary to provide new guidelines and rules governing the management of institutions of higher education.

The struggle continues: “a luta continua” !

The economic and political changes were progressively introduced with success through legislative and regulatory reforms. However, it has not been very easy to evenly change rules of social and cultural behaviour. In particular, vulnerable younger generations are the most affected by the rapid changes in society, while the reference model.and values they expect from elder people in the modern Mozambican society seem to be shifting very fast. And in some instances, there seem to be no model at all. The new wave of economic liberalism in Mozambique, better defined by the popular concept of “deixa andar”, literally meaning “laisser-faire”, was mistakenly adopted as the guiding principle in the areas of social, cultural and education development.

The “laisser-faire” principle is better understood by economists and entrepreneurs in a system of open market and free entrepreneurship, under which the Government’s intervention is reduced to exercising minimum regulatory agency. The recent considerable economic growth realized by the Government of Mozambique (10% of successive growth index over four years) is attributed mainly to this free market policy. This principle should be carefully differentiated from “laisser-aller” which, in French language, rather means lack of discipline in academic, economic, social and cultural environments.

Reforming higher education institutions represents a real challenge, both at the institutional and pedagogic levels, not only in Mozambique, but elsewhere and in particular in African countries faced with the problem of “acculturation”. The youth seeking knowledge opportunities in national universities, polytechnics and higher institutes, where students are somehow left on their own, having no longer any need to be under permanent supervision of their parents or teachers, are disoriented. Since reforms in higher education institutions take longer than in any other institutional environment, it is necessary indeed to adopt adequate transitional measures to respond to urgent need of the young generations.

This essay reviews current trends and the recent historical background of higher education institutions of Mozambique. It argues against the adoption of the classical model of higher education from European and other western systems. In its final analysis, it finds that there is need to include ethical and deontology (social, cultural and moral education) components as priority sectors within the curriculum in higher education institutions, with a view to instill in the students and lecturers positive African values in general, and in particular, national Mozambican models. It is rejecting the neo-liberal thinking, which proposes that students in higher education institutions should be allowed to enjoy unlimited academic, social and intellectual uncontrolled independence, in conformity with western classical education and cultural orientation. It advocates for critical thinking and brainstorming on key issues towards the development of positive cultural and ethical models in higher education institutions which could be used to promote knowledge development and poverty eradication in the country’s rural areas and urban zones affected by unemployment, pandemics and economic precariousness.

The colonial legacy and its cultural impact on higher education in Mozambique.

Many experts have described the Mozambican mother of higher education as an institution for colonialists and “assimilados” . The first institution of higher education in Mozambique was established by the Portuguese government in 1962, soon after the start of the African wars of independence. It was called the General University Studies of Mozambique (Estudos Gerais Universitários de Moçambique EGUM). In 1968, it was renamed Lourenço Marques University. The university catered for the sons and daughters of Portuguese colonialists. Although the Portuguese government preached non-racism and advocated the assimilation of its African subjects to the Portuguese way of life, the notorious deficiencies of the colonial education system established under the Portuguese rule ensured that very few Africans would ever succeed in reaching university level. However, many educated African were led to adopt the colonial lifestyle.

In spite of Portugal’s attempts to expand African educational opportunities in the late 1960s and early 1970s, only about 40 black Mozambican students – less than 2 per cent of the student body -had entered the University of Lourenço Marques by the time of independence in 1975. The state and the university continued to depend heavily on the Portuguese and their descendants. Even the academic curriculum was defined according to the needs and policies defined long ago by the colonial power.

Soon after Independence in June 1975, the Government of Mozambique, from the FRELIMO party, adopted a Marxist-Leninist orientation and a centrally planned economy. The educational system was nationalized, and the university was renamed after Dr. Eduardo Mondlane, the first president of FRELIMO.

Many cadres trained in Portugal and other European and American universities came also with their own educational and cultural background. Apart from the Eduardo Mondlane University, new public and private universities and institutes were established. These include the Pedagogic University, the ISRI, the Catholic University, ISPU, ISCTEM and ISUTC. Most of these institutions adopted a curriculum clearly modeled on the classical European model. There is still need to integrate African traditional values in the course profiles offered and research programmes developed by these institutions.

The traditional role of a university is to enlighten and serve as a reference within the society: “illuminatio et salus populi”. Today, Mozambique is one of the most culturally and racially diversified society of Africa. This diversity should be considered as a cultural treasure for the nation. It has become however apparent that it’s more a “Babel Tower case”, as no unified Mozambican values appear to develop from this wide variety. With the creation of new public and private universities and new faculties, it would become easier to increase a critical mass of university lecturers and academic professionals, who would in their turn, influence the society, creating and instilling national positive values and ethical principles of conduct in the younger generations. According to many lecturers and students contacted at UEM, Universidade Pedagogica UP and UDM, the impact of higher education on the development of positive academic, scientific, social and cultural values in Mozambique is yet to be felt.

It is however necessary to acknowledge the importance of newly introduced community-based education programmes in some institutions. For instance the emphasis on community and service has guided curriculum development at the Catholic University; its course in agronomy (Cuamba) concentrates on peasant and family farming systems and leans heavily on research and outreach within local farming communities. The CU course in medicine (developed in collaboration with the University of Maastricht) which concentrates on teaching medicine, was particularly deemed appropriate for the rural and urban poor populations of Mozambique, as it is more based on problem-solving and focuses much more on traditional issues.

New Reforms in higher education institutions with a more participative approach

Mozambique is one of few countries in Africa where a new generation of leadership has stepped forward to articulate a vision for their institutions, inspiring confidence among those involved in higher education development and the modernization of their universities. In a series of case studies sponsored and published by the Partnership for Higher Education in Africa , it was confirmed that African universities covered by the studies have widely varying contexts and traditions. They are engaged in broad reform, examining and revising their planning processes, introducing new techniques of financial management, adopting new technologies, reshaping course structures and pedagogy, and more important, reforming practices of governance based in particular on their own contexts and traditions.

Important institutional reforms concerning the strategic planning experiences of the Eduardo Mondlane University (UEM) were initiated and implemented so far. Two strategic planning cycles were developed, the first in 1990 and the second one in 1996 / 97. The second one was meant to adapting to the impacts of newly adopted multi-party democracy, market competition, and globalization. Whereas the first reform cycle was the result of high level officials at the University, the second one was generated using a participatory methodology deemed to be more effective in involving the university staff in the process.

It is important to listen to everyone, and to be seen as listening. We are also convinced that various components of the population in Mozambique should be involved in the next phases of the process with a view to define what kind of education orientation the population would wish to have for their children.

There is important progress but yet limited academic impact on the development of the society

Considerable progress has been so far made in post-independence Mozambique. After the initial problems caused by the long years of civil war and then the long efforts necessitated by the adjustment to a market-driven economy and a multi-party democratic political order, Mozambique is now considered to have a higher education system that offers a wide variety of course options and extensive research opportunities. However, a major weakness highlighted by many observers is that all the institutions remain basically concentrated in the capital city of Maputo and its neighboring provinces. It is argued that they serve only a limited fraction of the Mozambican population, and are destined to train the elite of prominent people in government and in the professions, industry and commerce. It is also alleged that the majority of the students who succeed in entering public and private institutions of higher education are from relatively rich families.

It is finally emphasized that nearly 80 per cent of university students in Mozambique use Portuguese as their principal means of communication, thus strengthening the perception of establishing, reproducing and consolidating a hereditary elite, with model values copied on western societies. In response to this challenge, it was suggested that the government should encourage the emergence of new and non-traditional HEIs closer to the local communities, able to respond more rapidly and flexibly to the demands and expectations of the public and private sectors for a high quality trained workforce, while addressing both regional and socioeconomic imbalances in the country.

In our final analysis, we find that the impact of higher education institutions on the development and dissemination of traditional African social and cultural values would be very limited for a long period. As long as the access and feed-back from all levels of the society and regions will be left out of the core interaction with the highly educated elite and higher education institutions mainly concentrated in Maputo, the role of universities in promoting African positive values, a culture of academic ethics and deontology in the entire national society will be very limited.

The process of “Nation building” needs to rely on a strong academic support. One of the Government’s main constitutional commitments is to promote the development of the national culture and identity (article 115 of the 2004 Constitution). It is clear that many institutions, for instance the television, are actively promoting cultural diversity through various means. Institutions of higher education should be seen doing more, in particular starting with the students themselves and the academic community members, who are expected to be the light of the society. Such actions would include the integration of courses on ethics and deontology, and develop a wide-ranging variety of education models that reprove negative behavior and promote positive values. Our recommendation is that the Government should for example instruct public universities and other higher education institutions, to appoint “Ethics and Deontology Committees” at the level of their University Councils and within all autonomous faculties.

Bibliography

-Fry, Peter and Utui, Rogéro (1999), The Strategic Planning Experience at Eduardo Mondlane University, ADEA Working Paper on Higher Education, ADEA, Association for the Development of Education in Africa, Paris.

-Mouzinho, Mário ; Fry, Peter ; Levey, Lisbeth and Chilundo, Arlindo (2001), Higher Education in Mozambique: A Case study, The Partnership for Higher Education in Africa, New York University, New York

The author, is a lecturer and an International Consultant on Trade and Investment, Director of InterConsult Mozambique and is the Representative of Emerging Market Focus (Pty) in Mozambique. Coments on this article are encouraged.

If you’re a cat lover, listen up, as this special insight into cat behavior may surprise you.

Do you seek your cat’s affection quite lovingly? Well, let’s face it, there are two big questions that have been asked by cat lovers, and others alike. And these are:

1. Are cats really capable of bonding with us?

2. What can we do, as desperate cat lovers, to encourage more affection from our beloved cats?

In other words, can cats be encouraged to relate to us in an affectionate way, and to share mutual companionship, just like their dogs can?

Well, let’s have a look at what could be possible answers to these two deep-rooted questions that have been bugging cat lovers, and dog lovers alike, for decades!

And you’ll get some untold hints on how to better bond with your cat in the meantime!

Well need to firstly look at the very nature of a cat’s very essence, their souls if you will, to give us some clues to answer this question on cat behavior.

When you have an animal that’s been with humans for over 5000 years, there must be something profound that the humans, as well as the cats, are getting out of this relationship. Something that’s keeping them together for so long, and no doubt for eons to come!

Imagine, in say the year 3000, we may have technology to travel through space in luxurious aircraft, and of course, one of the first things that people will want to bring with them is their favorite book, favorite music, and… their cat!

But why is this so? There must be a level of bonding between cats and humans that is beyond that of many other animals, that make us feel so attached to them, want to share our life experiences with them… because our feelings tell us that these feelings goes both ways.

But is this really the case? Do cats use us for food and warmth mainly? Or is there a level of feeling behind the cat behavior that’s on a higher level than that, and resembles the feelings that we have for them?

These are valid questions. Let’s first have a look at our human emotional responses to our cats.

Our obsession with cats – yes let’s admit it!

When humans first met cats, it was presumed to be at a camp fire. This is not proven, though it is a strong possibility.

Why a camp fire?

Well cats love warmth and probably couldn’t resist sitting around a man-made camp fire. So they sat, appreciating the warmth, and also may have found they don’t have to hunt for. And then the humans were attracted to their cuteness. More likely, it was their kittens that may have clinched this bond. As when interacted, they would have shown cute playfulness, and when nursed, would snuggle up.

Now the question is whether a cat can have snuggling up and playfulness without the emotions of tenderness and enjoyment?

We’ll come back to this in a moment. Let’s take one more example from history.

It was documented 5000 years ago that cats were domesticated into both Egyptian culture as well as Indian culture at roughly the same time. In fact, for period of over 2000 years in Egypt, there was such respect and admiration for the cat, that the penalty for anyone killing a cat, was death.

During this period, a Roman soldier accidentally killed a cat and was nearly lynched by a crowd who witnessed this event. This became a political conflict, and is thought to be one of the events that led to the war between Egypt and Rome!

So, the humble cat has caused all this! An animal causing people to be irrational over them.

But, does the cat reciprocate our feelings?

One example that could help us with this question is from Jeffrey Masson, who wrote The Nine Emotional Lives of Cats. Among his many examples of bonding is where he discovers that his cats will put up with getting soaked, just to be with him:

“Like most cats, mine do not like rain. Yet when Leila, Ilan, Manu and I walk up the hill in the evening in the rain, such is the cats’ devotion that they come with us… it is beyond question that the cats are doing something because they want to… Moreover, since they walk in the rain only when we are there, never alone, the love of our companionship must be a strong component of their pleasure…”

It gets even better. The strength of our bond actually increases depending on the extent that our cat’s range of behavior and emotional responses matches our emotional needs. Some people who really love attention from their cat, and want the full gamut of personality, do find heaven, and so does the cat, when they have for example, a Siamese cat that is able to show a strong desire to lie on their laps for comfort every night, run around like crazy when they play with, and is also slightly neurotic and anxious when there is too much happening…

So there’s some food for thought for you! You know have an insight into the secret workings behind cat behavior, how both humans and cats really feel about each other, and how cat behavior may be linked to their deeper feelings about us, more than we ever thought so before.

Watch out for part 2 of this article, which will be coming soon.

What to do now

In part 2 of this article, you’ll learn specific techniques, but for right now, all I want you to do is to be aware of your emotion when you’re about to communicate with your cat.

When you want to convey a message to your cat, such as “There you are, I’m glad to see you!”, be very aware that you’re communicating with each other on a deep level of emotion. And when you’re aware, your emotional message will come through in your tone of voice and body actions, and the bonding starts…

And once the bonding starts, you can’t stop it, it just gets better!

So begin the process right now. You will be surprised before the next lesson how much your relationship will improve with just this first step.

So go ahead, and practice this on your cat now.

Cassandra Mandello helps you to go from cat novice, to bonding with and training your cat, quickly and easily. To get more “must have” tips and hints on how to bond and train your cat, go now to this site on understanding cat behavior.

A Girl’s Tennis Clothing Is Fashioned By Her Mother’s Desires

The styles and scope of girls’ tennis clothing has recently blossomed to match the rapid growth of fashionable women’s tennis clothing, and seems to gain momentum year on year.

There’s a twin conflicting desire for women to both model their tennis outfits on the most successful and stylish players in the game, and yet at the same time look different, exclusive and unique.

There’s yet another desire to wear state-of-the-art apparel that maximizes protection and cooling on court, to gain a competitive advantage as the tennis match ‘heats up’. Most women’s tennis apparel now contains technology to protect against the sun’s rays, to ward off odor-causing bacteria growth, to cool the skin by efficiently channeling away moisture, and even to cushion and support muscles for optimum performance.

Naturally, mothers want their fledgling tennis stars to benefit from all these tennis clothing attributes, in style and textile technology. Tennis clothes manufacturers have catered to this demand with dresses. skirts, skorts, tops and shoes for girls that sport many or all of the features of their adult counterpart.

This is good business sense on the part of tennis apparel manufacturers like Adidas, Nike, Fila, Prince, Babolat etc. Once a young lady gets to liking a particular tennis brand, she’ll likely stay loyal throughout her tennis years.

The Tennis Apparel Dark Ages

Way back in the early 1970s, at about the time that Chris Evert was emerging as a world class tennis player, a woman called Marilyn Kosten was getting very frustrated at the lack of pretty tennis clothing available to buy for her two daughters, who were about to compete in junior tennis competitions. She channeled that frustration into forming her own tennis apparel business, designing the girls’ clothing herself.

Her business really took off in 1977, when a young rising star called Tracy Austin wore one of Marilyn’s dresses during her passage to victory at the US Open. Tracy also wore the dress at Wimbledon, and so introduced this innovative and stylish girl’s tennis clothing to a much wider audience.

Three and a half decades later, tennis apparel has changed out of all recognition. Fashion is even more to the fore, vying with sports clothing fabric technology to yield a fusion of style and function that shapes every new garment. 100% cotton is now a rarity, with subtle combinations of man-made fibres best able to offer the comfort and mobility demanded by today’s athletes.

Mary Kosten’s ‘Little Miss tennis’ business is still flourishing, and now caters to young boy’s tennis clothing needs as well, with the LMT range. Now, all the major tennis gear manufacturers have girl’s, boy’s or unisex kids tennis apparel lines alongside their adult clothing, so lack of choice is no longer an issue.

Girl’s And Women’s Tennis Fashion Merge

Women who look to the high-fashion, cutting-edge tennis apparel worn by the leading players for inspiration, can now encourage their daughters to do the same. For example, the identical Adidas adilibria tennis dress recently co-designed and worn by Ana Ivanovic was available in girls’ sizes with all the ‘Climacool’ technology and comfort meshing of the adult dress. Other familiar Adidas tennis lines like ‘Barricade’, ‘Edge’ and ‘Competition’ also have their girl-sized counterparts, so mother and daughter can wear complementary apparel at the tennis club.

Nike, as you might expect, have their own girls tennis clothing lines such as ‘Athlete’, that mirror the apparel worn by the women. Like Adidas, there’s plenty of variety in dresses, skirts, skorts, shirts, tennis shoes and accessories, with comfort features like Dri-FIT, to give the same cooling and moisture management as the adult version.

Fila, with two of the game’s big hitters, Kim Clijsters and Svetlana Kuznetsova on their books, is hot on the heels of the two largest tennis apparel manufacturers, Adidas and Nike, with it’s own girls’ selection. They produce junior varieties of familiar women’s tennis favorites like the ‘Essenza’ tennis dress. These dresses are made with sun protective material, to reduce UV damage to young ladies’ skins. This can be an important consideration in warmer climes where tennis is an outdoor activity.

Tennis Apparel For Those Rebellious Years

There will come a time when your young lady would rather wear distinctive (tennis) clothing than try to copy her mother as she moves into adulthood. There’s a tennis apparel manufacturer keen to cater to these more rebellious instincts – DUC. They’re happy that their clothing isn’t designed for people too far into their 20s or beyond. They draw a little from the history of women’s tennis dress with subtle pleating, but make it asymmetrical to keep abreast of the times.

Much of the clothing is labeled with assertive, slightly racy tags like ‘Dominate’ (dress), ‘Compete’ (skirt), ‘Rush’ (racer-back top) and 2-Timer (reversible top), and accentuates feminine contours. The 2-Timer top actually refers to it’s reversible two-tops-in-one feature, which when combined with the large choice of colors and reversible skirt, creates a wide range of styles – great for emphasizing your unique style. Reversing your apparel and changing your look during a match might also have beneficial unsettling effects on your opponent. Though cutting edge in design, DUC tennis clothing lacks none of the comfort features prerequisite in modern tennis clothing.

So, from youngster to young women, varied, vibrant, in vogue girl’s tennis clothing is in plentiful supply. Thanks to determined women like Marilyn Kosten, the ‘dark ages’ are over, and girls can revel in the choice of cutting-edge tennis apparel that was until recently the sole preserve of their parents.

Cheri Britton is the editor of ‘Women’s Tennis Apparel’ and ‘Ball Machine For Tennis’. In her tennis fashion and clothing website, she reviews and showcases the latest styles in tennis dresses, skirts and skorts, women’s tennis bags and shoes. She highlights in particular the tennis apparel worn by the top women players on the WTA tour, and has an special fondness for the designer tennis creations of Stella McCartney for Adidas.

Her new tennis ball machine website is devoted to comparing these mini mechanical devices with regard to price, portability, useability, features and suitability to the individual owner or buyer. Quality manufacturers such as Lobster, Tennis Tutor, SAM. Playmate and Wilson produce a range of models to engage the tennis game of beginners through to professional tennis players. The right ball machine will quickly take your tennis to a higher level, at a time place and frequency of your choosing. Oh, and tennis machines are great fun and fantastic for your fitness as well!

On the odd occasion she’s not working on her websites, Cheri watches more tennis than is good for her, reads, visits places of historical interest and beauty, and relaxes with a pint or two of real ale (or something stronger!)

Picture a bright, vibrant, colorful marine fish tank that’s teeming with life. It’s the image most hobbyists have in the minds when they set out to establish salt water fish tanks. Unfortunately many will not end up with a tank that resembles the picture they started with in their heads. Instead, they’ll end up with a dark, algae-riddled wasteland where only the hardiest of creatures can survive.

Setting up a marine fish tank is hard work – much more than is required for its freshwater counterpart. Here are 3 of the most common mistakes people make when setting up salt water fish tank aquariums and how to avoid them.

1. Starting too Small

When it comes to setting up a marine fish tank, size matters. A common mistake people make is starting too small (under 30 gallons). A small salt water fish aquarium is harder to maintain because the relatively small volume of water in the tank is much more susceptible to rapid changes in water chemistry and temperature. And you don’t want that because marine fish are particularly sensitive to changing water conditions which can be very stressful to them. And while you can relieve your stress through massage or an alcoholic beverage or two, that won’t help your fish. Too much stress can sicken and even kill fish.

The bigger the tank, the lower the likelihood of big swings in water conditions. And that’s good for all of your tank’s inhabitants. So go as big as you can afford when it comes to setting up your salt water fish aquarium with 30 gallons being the smallest tank size I’d recommend, especially for beginners.

2. Overfeeding Your Fish

Overfeeding is the most common mistake made by owners of fish tank aquariums, whether marine or freshwater. Feeding your fish is fun. Since it’s kind of hard to cuddle with your fish, feeding is one of the few ways you can interact with them. Plus, salt water aquarium fish get very excited when food is in the water and they swim faster and dart all over the place, making feeding time one of the most enjoyable times to watch your tank’s inhabitants.

All of these factors make it easy for enthusiastic owners to give their fish too much, too often when it comes to food. Overfeeding, however, leads to two big problems in your tank. First, it pollutes the aquarium. Uneaten food falls to the bottom of the tank or on tank decorations, live rock, etc. and rots if it is not cleaned up. This will screw up your water chemistry, producing nitrates (which you and your fish don’t want) and overloading the tank’s biological filtration. Second, just like with people, if fish eat too much they can experience health problems.

Both those issues can cause illness and/or death. And that’s not going to help you achieve that vision of a vibrant marine fish tank you had in mind when you set up your aquarium. Different species of fish have varying nutritional requirements. Before adding new fish to your tank, make sure you know how much food they require and what type of food they require so you keep your fish well fed, but not overly fed.

3. Letting Maintenance Slide

It’s possible to hire someone to come into your house once a week or month to take care of all the maintenance requirements your tank and its inhabitants have. But that can get kind of expensive and, for something that’s supposed to be a hobby, it’s kind of cheating.

A marine fish tank requires a lot of work to keep it operating properly and its inhabitants happy. Among the things you’ll have to do on a regular basis are water changes, removing excess waste, cleaning the glass, cleaning the filter, testing the water, and feeding the fish (not too much!). If you slack on these tasks for even a month or so, you can cause the water quality in the tank to suffer and that can affect the health of your tank and its residents.

So while it’s more fun to just sit back and watch your tank, it’s critical to keep up with maintenance. Make a checklist of what you have to do. Break things down into smaller chunks that you can do daily or weekly so you don’t have to do it all at once. Tie strings around your fingers to remind you to keep up with your tank maintenance. Do whatever it takes because staying on top of regular maintenance is the most important thing you can do to keep your fish and fish tank healthy.

Those are my big three when it comes to common mistakes that are made when it comes to setting up and maintaining a marine fish tank. While there are other mistakes that can sabotage your efforts, avoiding this three will go a long way toward helping you achieve that vision of owning a healthy, vibrant and thriving salt water fish tank.

Matt Warren is a certified marine fish tank nerd. He shares his passion for salt water fish tanks and their inhabitants and his website, marinefishtank.org.

There are many different types of dining experiences that one can experience in an area. These range from casual dining, formal dining, and cultural dining. Dining plays an important role in any society that there are hundreds if not thousands of dining options available for a person to experience. While out on a vacation there are many opportunities that are available to allow a person to experience the area they are visiting.

Casual dining is what the majority of the people experience. There are chain restaurants, mom and pop locations, and restaurants that are locally owned and operated. These are a great way to get to know a specific location especially if one is traveling or visiting for a short period. Menus at these locations can vary depending on the type of restaurant but every region has a twist or local favorite and is usually displayed in the menu options. Casual dining is the cheapest dining option of these dining options.

Formal dining is an experience that doesn’t come along every day. These usually require a suit and tie, and can be fairly elaborate with the style of food that is being presented. If one is dining at a formal dining restaurant the menu does not always reflect the area that one is visiting. Instead it will reflect that type of restaurant and the style of food that the chef specializes in. Many times people travel far and wide to experience a chef’s cooking technique and get a taste of the food. As this is a rare opportunity and highly anticipated by many travelers the price range of these meals are fairly expensive. However a formal dining experience is a great way to top off a special evening as it is a unique experience and something that one will remember for a while.

Cultural dining can be experienced in both formal and casual dining setting. It is a great opportunity to experience another culture. While many times a person can gravitate towards eating at a familiar setting it is an experience to actually experience the food from a different culture. Many times there are different spices, meats, and vegetables used. There are also many different cooking techniques that are applied that one might not have come across before. It is a way to step out of the box and give something new a try.

There are many different types of experiences one can experience while dining out on a vacation or different area. Dining out allows a person to experience a culture or region the way it was meant to be experienced.

For guide to dining out, visit JP Pepperdine now.

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Certainly enjoying movies at a theater is a unique experience. From the towering screens to the Dolby Digital DTS sound systems, the wow factor of a theater can’t be matched. However, due to convenience and affordability, enjoying movies at home whether on a PC or a big screen plasma display is the more typical scenario for the majority of movie fans. The options for obtaining and viewing movies at home have certainly expanded in the past decade with the introduction of online movie rental and movie download services in addition to the more traditional offerings provided by local video stores as well as live and pay-per-view television.

For film fans on a budget, enjoying more movie viewing per dollar justifies a quick look at some of the options.

Hands down, enjoying movies on live television, whether cable, broadcast, or satellite TV, is the most economical option. The selection viewers have to choose from is significantly limited by the programming schedule but there is no cost beyond the typical monthly fee for any premium packages. Another cost free method of enjoying movies is as simple as a visit to the local library. Public libraries loan out not only books and CDs but movies on VHS and DVD as well. Although the selection is somewhat limited, the price is right.

Coming in second, online movie rental has the potential to provide more movie entertainment for the dollar than other paid services. As an example, Netflix offers numerous plans but their most popular plan allows users to have up to 3 movies out at a given time for $17.99 per month. If a typical user views only 6 movies in a given month this would average out to $2.99 per movie. The price per movie could potentially be less for those who view more movies throughout the month; for instance the price per movie would drop to $1.99 if 9 movies were watched throughout the month. Making the value of online movie rental services even greater is the huge selection offered; in the case of Netflix, users can select from over 75,000 titles.

Movie download services and renting at the local video store are probably equivalent in pricing. Movielink rental pricing for instance starts at $1.99 and goes upward to $4.99 while many video stores have rentals from $2 to $5. The selection of movies is currently somewhat greater at local video stores; perhaps 10,000 to 15,000 titles to choose from versus fewer than 10,000 with most legal movie download services. However, the future may hold a different picture as online movie download services are providing larger libraries over time as they acquire more films.

A bit more expensive are the pay-per-view movies made available by most cable and satellite TV providers. With costs averaging around $3.99 to $4.99 their pricing is reasonable but can become significantly more costly than other services if more than one or two movies are viewed over the course of a month. In addition, the pay-per-view offerings are often restricted to one or two dozen movies at any given time based on the programming schedule for a given month.

Luckily whether considering movie downloads, online movie rental services, use of the local video store, or pay-per-view, movie fans are able to enjoy the services risk free. Movie download services, video stores, and pay-per-view are charged on a per movie basis with no ongoing commitment to purchase more movies. Likewise, although online movie rental programs charge a monthly fee, services such as Netflix require no commitment to continue the program and no cancellation fees to discontinue.

From live television and pay-per-view to movie downloads, online movie rental, and video stores, movie lovers should be able to discover a movie service that offers the films they love at a price they can afford. Which option best meets their budget will depend on the number of films they tend to view per month and how wide of a selection they need to find the entertainment they want.

The author and webmaster of http://www.homemedias.info, Christine Peppler invites readers to discover more information about movie downloads, online movie rental, and satellite TV through information available on her website.

Every time something goes wrong with your car, you have to take it in to the shop. With every repair, comes that hefty repair bill. As you look at the bill, you cannot imagine why it costs so much to fix your car. You think of how much money you could save if you could do auto repair yourself. However, like most people, you do not have a clue how to repair cars. However, you should be aware that there are many ways you can learn auto repair and can end up saving yourself quite a bit of money.

Friends and Family

If you have any friends and family that are knowledgeable about auto repairs, you should consult them and ask if they can help you learn some auto repair basics. If you have friends or family that are kind enough to help you learn how to repair your car, make sure that you give them something back for helping you. Perhaps there is something you can teach them, or maybe just take them out for a dinner.

Books

You can find tons of books dedicated to auto repair. These books will cover everything from the basics to more complex issues. You can find auto repair books at the local book store, at auto repair shops, or even at the library. If you are looking to buy a repair book, but do not want to spend too much, you should check out a used book store and see what repair books they have available.

If you choose to learn auto repair from a book, you should evaluate your learning process. Some people learn better from books than others. If you have a hard time learning from books, then this may not be the option for you. Also, it is important to know that some books are written better than others. It may be worth asking around and seeing what books are recommended for a beginner.

Internet

The Internet is a great resource to learn auto repair. You can find online repair guides to help you learn how to fix what is wrong with your car. Also, there are several discussion forums where people post tips on auto repair and where you can ask questions about your specific situation.

You can also purchase repair books online. You may find the repair books to be cheaper online than in brick and mortar stores.

Classes

Another option for learning auto repair yourself is to take a class. There are several places you can take an auto repair class. You can take a class from the local college or at a community center. These classes will often be taught in the evening or on weekends to accommodate work schedules.

Get To It

Now that you are aware of some of the ways to learn about auto repair, you should see what option will work best for you. Once you learn more about auto repair and can make repairs by yourself, you can save quite a bit of money for yourself and your family.

Wendy Pan is an accomplished niche website developer and author. To learn more about auto repair yourself [http://myautorepairtipsblog.info/auto-repair-yourself-fix-your-vehicles-at-home-for-less/], please visit My Auto Repair Tips Blog [http://myautorepairtipsblog.info/] for current articles and discussions.

Auto repair advice gives you simple and practical solutions for questions regarding your vehicle. There are numerous web sites providing comprehensive information on auto repair. These sites also feature links to auto repair service centers, shops and garages near your place.

You are given instruction on auto parts and their functioning. Online advice resources provide the service of experts who pinpoint the exact cause and suggest possible repairs before you visit the shop. You can even post car care or repair questions on their message boards. Car owners and mechanics exchange advice and help through these forums. Auto repair advice given on these sites is often free of charge.

Auto repair advice is sometimes provided in manuals given along with your vehicle. Whether opting for online advice or depending on repair manuals, the vehicle owner should have a clear understanding of the terms and techniques involved. In case you are taking your vehicle to a service centre, a written estimate should be sought and the history of the shop should be checked out with the Better Business Bureau. One has also to check whether the repairs provided have any guarantees. If so, get the details in writing.

It is important to verify whether your car is still under warranty before venturing to repair the car yourself. For cars under warranty, the repair work must be performed by a mechanic or a technician certified by the manufacturer. The repair in this case is usually carried out at the dealer’s service center. Some manufacturers do not offer to perform repair work and you may have the provision of carrying it out elsewhere. Read your warranty carefully to find out how you can get the repair costs reimbursed.

You can get repair advice from mechanics and experienced persons in the automobile industry. Repair advice is given for almost all models and types of vehicles, whether domestic or imported.

Auto Repair provides detailed information on Auto Repair, Auto Glass Repair, Online Auto Repair, Auto Body Repair and more. Auto Repair is affiliated with Discount Auto Parts.

Buying a new car, or a car that’s new to you, can be a minefield. Women are traditionally vulnerable to con men when buying cars, taking their cars for a service or anything else related to motoring for that matter. Although we’d like to think that times have changed, and in the most part they have, there are still car sales people waiting for an innocent looking female to trot through the door. This applies to men too, so don’t be offended! At CoverGirl Car Insurance we want you to get the best deal, cheap insurance and above all a great car. So, we’ve compiled a concise guide to what can be one of the most expensive purchases you’ll have to make.

The first thing you will need to do is decide whether you want a new or used car. You probably have a make and model in mind already, so it’s best to do as much research into the car as possible. You can look in trade guides and on the internet to get some ideas about the production and engineering of your desired car. If you go to the dealer armed with this information then you will know what to look for and will know about any parts of the car that are particularly expensive to replace. Whilst doing your research you could also look out for any common problems with your car. For example certain vehicles have notoriously bad electrics and you could be left having to pay a large bill to have them repaired.

So what’s the best bet, new or used?

Buying a new car

Buying a new car gives you the peace of mind that your car hasn’t been rescued from an accident and ‘cut and shut’ (more about this later). Plus you don’t have to worry about service history and recurring problems.

If you decide to buy a new car then you have three options. You can either buy from dealership, from a broker or by personal import from Europe. There are pros and cons to each option so you should look carefully at each to decide what’s best for you. The benefits and pitfalls of each are as follows:

Dealership: Many dealers offer cheap finance schemes with frequent special offers, you can take the car for a test drive and you also may be able trade in your existing car. This is often a more expensive option so it’s worth looking around.

Broker: It is often cheaper to buy through a broker and relatively easy to organise. You may not be able trade your car in.

Personal imports from Europe: Cheaper in the majority of cases. However this is not the easiest way to buy a car. You’ll have to put in quite a bit of work.

What to check when you collect your car

We advise that you check your new car over before you drive off the forecourt. There are a few key things to check:

o That you’ve got a copy of the dealers pre-delivery inspection form

o Check that all lights, electrics, sound systems, alarms, door locks and windscreen wipers work

o Check for any scratches and check that there is no damage to the interior

o Check you’ve got the spare tyre and any tools that are supposed to come with the car

o Make sure you’ve got the manual and service book

Buying a used car

When you buy a used car there are a few more pitfalls to look out for but you can bag yourself a bargain if you look in the right place. It can also be great fun deciding whether you want a sexy classic like an Alfa Romeo Spider or a bargain run-around like a Ford Ka. Whether you chose to buy from a dealer or from the private market you’ll need see the history of the car. This is really important. You can either buy from a franchised dealer, a used car dealer or privately. Here are some of the pros of buying from each:

Franchised dealer: One of the safest places to buy a car. You’ll get a great choice from a franchise. You can get used or nearly new cars. A franchised dealership also might know the entire history of the car. They will also provide you with a warranty, so if anything goes wrong you can take it back and they will fix it.

Used car dealer: They will usually have checked that there is no bad history or outstanding finance. Most dealers have an excellent reputation but you should exercise some caution and again, do your own research about the type of car you’ve chosen. You will usually get at least a 3 month warranty from a used car dealer. But check to see what it covers. Service items like tyres, exhausts and brake pads are not usually covered.

Private purchase: Best place for an excellent bargain. This is the riskiest way to buy a car as the car could have been involved in an accident, and might not belong to the seller. You should ask to meet at the sellers’ home or work and ask the following questions:

1. Is it your car?

2. Has the car ever been in an accident?

3. Can I have a signed receipt?

‘Cut and shut’, counterfeit parts, car ringing and clocking

Unfortunately there are many unscrupulous people out there wanting to make a buck out of the innocent car buyer. Some of the tactics undertaken by an unethical minority leave drivers with dangerous, illegal and unreliable cars. Many cars are stolen and sold on or taken from accidents and patched up to look like new. The following are some ploys that con men use to cheat the buyer:

‘Cut and Shut’

This is when two cars are taken from a scrap yard after write off accidents and welded together. This is extremely dangerous and potentially difficult to spot. Look for mismatched panels, traces of paint on window seals and door handles, mismatched upholstery and signs of serious repair work. It is very difficult to spot a cut and shut but it’s worth a closer inspection in case the person who carried out the work has cut corners.

Counterfeit parts

These are fraudulent copies of genuine manufacturer branded components. They are intended to deceive motorists and can be incredibly realistic. They are however not intended to be safe. Their makers don’t care about the potential safety threat to future drivers. They have started to make fake brake pads, discs and steering linkages. All of these could cause fatal accidents if they go wrong. You probably won’t have the opportunity to check parts before they are fitted to your new car, but it is something you should be aware of when buying a second hand vehicle.

‘Car ringing’

This is where a stolen car has its identification number changed. The vehicle identification number is taken from vehicles that have been written off in an accident. By forging these details thieves can pass off stolen cars as the genuine article to innocent car buyers. Once you’ve paid for a ‘ringer’, it’s too late. It does not belong to you and if it is traced it will be returned to the original owner, so you will lose out considerably. You can look out for this by checking all documents to see if they look forged. If there is little or no paperwork you should also be suspicious.

‘Car clocking’

This is when the car’s odometer is reduced to make it look as if the car has not done as many miles as it has. This makes cars look more valuable than they are. If the mileage of a car looks suspiciously low you should look for other tell tale signs such as wear and tear to the pedal rubbers and seats.

All of the above are seriously detrimental to the buyer and will leave you with a stolen, dangerous or faulty vehicle. If you have any doubts it is advisable to get an independent vehicle inspector to check the car before you buy it. This will avoid any potential fraud and will eliminate the risk to you.

Good luck!

Buying a car should be fun. You could end up with the car of your dreams – if you follow our guide. It really is worth checking for any discrepancies before you make the purchase. There are many ways to check the history and safety of the car so it’s easy to do and worth it in the long term.

Once you’ve bought your car you’ll need to insure it. Visit CoverGirl Car Insurance http://www.covergirlcarinsurance.co.uk 0800 195 48 52 to get car insurance exclusively for women.

Editorial notes: CoverGirl provide cheap car insurance for women. Great value quotes are available online at http://www.covergirlcarinsurance.co.uk

By Sophie Evans
CoverGirl Car Insurance http://www.covergirlcarinsurance.co.uk
0800 195 48 52

So, you have a blog! Do you have traffic? Do you know how to build traffic to your weblog? There are seven proven methods for building readership of your blog. They start with defining the purpose, or life, of your blog. Then, after you have a blog worth promoting, driving traffic is crucial to your ongoing success at blogging.

Here are seven tips to help you build and hold an audience for your blog:

Tip #1: Provide quality content.

On the Internet, whether you are talking about websites or blogs, a lot of space is given to content. Everyone directs you to provide quality content. But, what is quality content? The quality of your blog’s content is directly related to how well you have defined your ideal audience.

A successful blog is written with a distinct audience in mind. In this way, you can provide content that is unique to your audience’s issues, needs, or desires. If you create content they like and wish to return to read, you have quality content.

The second issue is to stay true to your audience and tone of your blog. If people are reading your blog, it’s because they like your topic and tone. Try not to stray from your typical topics and style too much. This will give your readers a reason to link back to your blog on an ongoing basis, as will posting on a regular basis.

Tip #2: Blog regularly

If you don’t update your blog often enough, blog readers will move on to other blogs. There are too many blogs out there competing for attention. Blog readers will go where they can get enough of what they want.

Successful blogging takes a commitment of your time. When you begin blogging and wish to capture an audience, you should be prepared to blog every day. In this way, you can develop an audience who counts on you to help them begin or end their day.

This means you should also try to post at the same time each day. Your readers will get accustomed to your schedule and check your blog at the appropriate time. The time of day is not as crucial as the consistency in your posting.

Since you now have quality content and a regular posting schedule, it’s time to drive traffic to your blog. Your readers will do a lot to promote your blog just by telling their friends. Don’t count on this alone! You need to do some additional work.

When you post, make sure you set your blog to “ping” blog tracking sites every time you add a new post. Think of this as a means to get their attention. The ping says “Hey, we just added a new post”. An alternative to automatically pinging from your blog is to use pingomatic.com. This is a one-stop place to automatically ping everyone you should notify of your new post and only takes a couple of minutes to accomplish.

Tip #3: Mention your blog wherever you can

Mention your blog’s address in your email signature line, in forums where you post, on your business cards, on address labels and in conversations with anyone you meet. Use a tag line under your blog address to further entice them to visit. Mine reads:

Michele Schermerhorn

http://www.imarketblog.com

A sassy little marketing blog

Beyond just mentioning your blog in writing and conversation, you must actively participate in the blogging community too.

Tip #4: Participate in the blogosphere

Get involved in other people’s blogs. Visit blogs that interest you and are in line with the general topic of your blog. Then, leave thoughtful comments. Almost every comment option on someone else’s blog will allow you to post your blog URL and your email address. Help other bloggers out with traffic and they will help you.

If a blogger really likes your site, they will add you to their blogroll. A blogroll is generally found on every blog which understands linking to the rest of the blogosphere helps drive traffic. A blogroll is a listing of other blogs. Think of it as a “recommended reading list”. Don’t be stingy with your blog roll either. Add those blogs that you read and enjoy to your blogroll too.

Tip #5: Think keywords when you post

Think about keywords with your use of titles, links and blog posts. Search engines, like Google and Yahoo, like keywords. The more targeted your keywords, the better the chances of your blog appearing in search results. Search results can drive that extra traffic you want.

To increase the value of the key words in your content, make certain keywords are part of the hot link in your posts. Don’t use “click here” as the hot link. You will be wasting valuable real estate in your post. Instead use the relevant keywords for the hot link, like “a great marketing idea. This gives the keywords added emphasis with the search engines.

One last thought on keywords for driving traffic; if you want a real leg up in the traffic game, in your linking code add rel=”tag”. This helps Technorati, a major blog resource, index your blog for their directory. But don’t stop there! It’s time to submit your blog to blog directories.

Tip #6: Submit your blog to blog directories

In addition to submitting your blog to the major search engines, make certain you submit the blog to exclusively blog directories like blogwise, blogcatalog, or bloghub. Many people find blogs through these online directories.

When you do submit your blog to these directories, remember to add a description that will entice your targeted audience to check your blog out. For instance, when I post my blog in blog directories, under description I put “General musings, rants, advice and strategies from a battle-worn veteran of the Marketing Wars, online and off”. Your description should help the potential reader understand your blogging topic and the flavor of how you write.

In addition to submitting your blog to blog directories, join a few of the free or inexpensive traffic exchange sites like blogexplosion or blogclicker.

Tip #7: Use free and inexpensive blog traffic exchange communities

There are many sites which can be termed “traffic exchange” sites for the blogging community. It won’t cost you anything to sign up. At the very least, join blogexplosion, blogclicker, and blogazoo. Once you sign up, you have two options to help drive traffic to your blog. Use both of them!

The first method is to earn credits (guaranteed visitors to your site) by using the “surf member sites” function. As you surf through those sites, you will be earning credits (visitors to your blog). When you find an interesting post, leave a comment as discussed above. When you find a blogger you like, add them to your blogroll and let them know you did.

The second method to drive traffic is to purchase credits. The cost is very cheap for the traffic you will drive to your blog. The more traffic to your blog, the more customers you’ll have. The more happy customers you have, the more they will tell others. The more they tell others, the more customers you get. Don’t you love this dance!

In summary, blogging may not be for everyone. However, it can be a great method for bringing your unique perspective to the Internet. You will surely find others who think the same way you do. Some bloggers will entertain you, some will inform you, and some will drive you to tear your hair out. Decide what type of blogger you want to be and be the best you can. See you in the blogosphere!

Michele Schermerhorn calls herself a “Corporate Freedom Fighter” dedicated to freeing cubicle prisoners to experience their own successful online business. She has over 30 years experience in the business world and over 12 years running her own successful online businesses. She is President of Online Business Institute Inc. (http://www.obinstitute.com), authors a sassy marketing blog (http://www.imarketblog.com), and regularly conducts free online seminars. Online Business Institute Inc. exists to “Create Successful Online Business Owners One Person At A Time”.

Looking to start a brand new website but not sure where to begin? Well, the first thing you have to decide is the programming language you are going to use.

The two most popular web languages today are PHP and ASP Dot Net. Each has its own pros and cons. So it really depends on which language you are comfortable with. Of the two, many programmers prefer to work with PHP for various reasons.

1) Easy to comprehend. PHP is a scripting language that is very easy to learn. A novice programmer can become an expert in no time with some practice.

2) Fast to execute. There are many pre-made libraries that are included in PHP, making code writing a breeze. Programs that require numerous lines of code now require just one or two lines. That translates to lots of time savings.

3) Lots of free learning resources. The PHP community is an active one and a quick search will reveal tons of free learning resources on the Internet. Some scripts are even free for download, making the job of a PHP programmer a whole lot easier.

4) Open source. Since PHP is an open source language, that means any developer can choose to work with this language without having to worry about hefty costs. PHP runs on Linux based operating systems, which are also free. It can connect to MySQL (free as well) databases, which is a highly reliable and scalable solution. For this reason, PHP is often the preferred choice for both personal and business applications.

5) No lack of developers. If you can’t do programming, you may wish to hire a PHP developer to maintain or upgrade your site on your behalf. You can visit any developer resource site and there will be many people waiting to be hired to develop PHP applications. And this talent pool continues to grow on a daily basis due to widespread adoption of the language.

6) Free open source applications. Many useful applications are freely available for download and they are mostly based on PHP. For instance, the WordPress application is an advanced application that can be used as a content management system.

7) Affordable hosting. Since PHP can be run on any Linux server, there is no lack of hosting. You can easily locate affordable Linux hosting that cost less than $10 a month (for shared hosting). If you require more resources, you may also choose to sign up for a VPS or dedicated server solution.

Many developer tools available. As PHP is a highly popular scripting language, many tools have been created to increase the speed of development. For instance, with a PHP code generator, you can easily create useful scripts without having to write lines and lines of code.

Looking for web development software? Check out this cool PHP code generator.

With the high cost of daily living expenses sinking more and more people into a stage of financial distress a smart consumer needs to start looking for ways to save money or at the very least keep their current cash outflow at the lowest possible level. One area many people look at to cut costs is their insurance premiums whether it is auto, life, home or health insurance. A few simple steps can help to lower your total out of pocket costs associated with your current insurance provider. This article will focus on how to keep your health insurance premiums down.

First and foremost you should always make every attempt to stay healthy and in shape. It’s inevitable that at some point in time your health insurance provider will institute a rate increase for your health insurance premiums. When this happens, you are under no obligation to keep them as your health insurance provider and are free to switch to another insurance company provided you can pass their requirements to receive health insurance form them. For that reason alone staying healthy is vitally important to your ability to find a cheaper insurance provider with the same or better health coverage amounts then what you currently have being offered.

Sadly, if you happen to be chronically sick or develop a disease you may have no choice but to stay with your current health insurance provider and accept their premium rate hike. In order to truly be able to enjoy reduced or low health insurance rates you must be healthy, in shape and not taking an excessive amount of medications in order to solve any health issues you may currently suffer form.

Fortunately, you have the ability to influence how healthy you want to be in order to retain health insurance at a lowered rate or premium. Many health experts advocate a diet rich in fruits and vegetables. Approximately 1/3 of your daily food intake should fall into this category and the resulting health benefits include lowering your risk of obtaining high blood pressure, heart disease, cancer and even diabetes. Other medical advice regarding your diet promotes taking vitamins and supplements as well as lowering your consumption of starchy carbohydrates like those found in bread and pasta. Combine this with a good solid exercise program that incorporates weight lifting and a cardiovascular workout and your well on your way to staying healthy and enjoying a lower out of pocket cost for your health insurance.

As we mentioned previously, the key to paying less for your health insurance is to stay as healthy as possible. Here are a few more tips that can help in that endeavor. If you don’t smoke cigarettes then don’t start and if you do smoke then make every attempt to quit. It’s a common fact that cigarette smokers suffer more health problems and actually incur a higher cost for both health and life insurance. If you’re diagnosed as being overweight, suffering from high cholesterol or hypertension (high blood pressure) then chances are good that you will have to pay a much higher premium for your health insurance coverage to your provider. In fact, in many cases your insurance premiums could get higher as a result of a family history riddled with chronic disease such as cancer, diabetes or heart disease.

As you can imagine health insurance can be costly if you’re suffering from any health related problems. However, if you stay in shape and try to adhere to a healthy lifestyle then chances are good your insurance premiums will reflect your health conscious decisions in the form of a cheaper or lowered insurance premium.

Timothy Gorman is a successful Webmaster and publisher of Best-Free-Insurance-Quotes.com. He provides more health insurance advice to include ways to obtain cheaper health insurance rates [http://www.best-free-insurance-quotes.com/health-insurance.html] that you can research in your pajamas on his website.